Erros e códigos HTTP

async function request(url, options, maxAttempts = 5) {
  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++) {
    let res;
    try {
      res = await fetch(url, options);
    } catch {
      res = null; // erro de rede
    }

    if (res && res.status < 500 && res.status !== 429) return res;
    if (attempt === maxAttempts) return res;

    const retryAfter = res?.status === 429 ? Number(res.headers.get("Retry-After") ?? 1) : 0;
    const backoff = Math.min(2 ** attempt * 1000, 30_000);
    const jitter = Math.random() * 500;
    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, Math.max(retryAfter * 1000, backoff) + jitter));
  }
}

import random
import time
import requests

def request(method, url, max_attempts=5, **kwargs):
    for attempt in range(1, max_attempts + 1):
        try:
            res = requests.request(method, url, timeout=15, **kwargs)
        except requests.RequestException:
            res = None  # erro de rede

        if res is not None and res.status_code < 500 and res.status_code != 429:
            return res
        if attempt == max_attempts:
            return res

        retry_after = int(res.headers.get("Retry-After", "1")) if res is not None and res.status_code == 429 else 0
        backoff = min(2 ** attempt, 30)
        time.sleep(max(retry_after, backoff) + random.random() * 0.5)

<?php
function request(string $url, array $options, int $maxAttempts = 5): array
{
    for ($attempt = 1; $attempt <= $maxAttempts; $attempt++) {
        $headers = [];
        $ch = curl_init($url);
        curl_setopt_array($ch, $options + [
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
            CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 15,
            CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION => function ($c, $line) use (&$headers) {
                $parts = explode(':', $line, 2);
                if (count($parts) === 2) $headers[strtolower(trim($parts[0]))] = trim($parts[1]);
                return strlen($line);
            },
        ]);
        $body = curl_exec($ch);
        $status = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);

        if ($body !== false && $status < 500 && $status !== 429) return [$status, $body];
        if ($attempt === $maxAttempts) return [$status, $body];

        $retryAfter = $status === 429 ? (int) ($headers['retry-after'] ?? 1) : 0;
        sleep(max($retryAfter, min(2 ** $attempt, 30)));
    }
}